深长隧道突水致灾构造及其突水模式研究

A Study of Geological Structures Inclined to Disaster and Models of Water Burst in Deep-Buried Long Tunnels

突水灾害是深长隧道施工最严重的地质灾害之一,而突水灾害的发生与隧道施工开挖工作面接近前方存在的含水体或隧道开挖临空面外存在的含水体密切相关。文章在分析了国内外深长隧道突水灾害产生原因的基础之上,系统地提出了深长隧道五种突水致灾构造及其致灾模型,即未胶结的富水压性断层上盘强烈破碎带、未胶结的富水张性断层带、未胶结的富水顺层错动(节理密集发育)破碎带、充水岩溶、地下向斜储水构造含水体及其突水模式,剖析了五种突水致灾构造突水灾害。

Water bursts are one of the most serious geological disasters that can occur during the construction of long deep-buried tunnels, and their occurrences are closely related to the aquifer ahead of the working face or outside the free face. In this paper, the causes of water burst occurrences in long deep-buried tunnels are analyzed. Five kinds of structures and models are systematically presented： a highly fractured zone at upper wall of an uncemented and water-rich compressive fault ; an uncemented and water-rich tensional fault zone; an uncemented and water-rich faulted bedding plane （a closely jointed rock mass）; water-filling karst; and an underground water-bearing syncline structure and its water burst model. Moreover, disasters that occurred in five kinds of structures are analyzed through examples.