欧洲哲学史上的时空关系——从柏拉图《蒂迈欧篇》所想到的

Relationship between "Time" and "Space" in History of European Philosophy:Starting from Plato's Timaeus

通过对柏拉图《蒂迈欧篇》的分析,梳理出柏拉图的自然观和宇宙观,在此基础上,集中探讨了欧洲哲学史上"时间"和"空间"的关系。在柏拉图通过把毕达哥拉斯学派"数"的观念与"空间"观念相结合的途径解释宇宙的生成的路径中,蕴含着欧洲哲学长期以来把"时间"化解在"空间"中、从而使多变的世界成为可理解的有序世界的基本理路。但是,进入"空间"的"时间"不是"时间本身","时间本身"是自由的"思想体",这个问题一直困扰着欧洲哲学,直到19世纪"瞬间"概念的提出才得以缓解。"瞬间"破坏了空间化了的"时间",搅乱了"空间"的秩序,但却使"时间"回归"自身"。"本体"意义上的"时间—瞬间"就是"同时","亲历"在理论和现实层面上具有可能性。

Focusing on Plato＇s Timaeus, this paper analyses the Platonic view oI nature ano cosmos, and further explores the relationship between ＂time＂ and ＂space＂ in history of Eu- ropean philosophy. The author points out that Plato explains the genesis of the cosmos by combining the Pythagorean conception of ＂numbers＂ with that of ＂space＂, which opens the way of thinking in European philosophy that ＂time＂ has been ＂spatialized＂ to make the cha- otic and transient world orderly and understandable. However, the spatialized ＂time＂ is not the ＂time-in-itself＂, which is a free noumena. This way of thinking has only been deepened until 19th century with the Kierkegaardian conception of ＂the moment＂ . ＂The moment＂ disturbs the spatialized ＂time＂, therefore the order of ＂space＂, and finally makes ＂time＂ re- turn to itself. Last but not the least, the author points out, ontologically speaking, ＂time＂ and ＂the moment＂ can be taken as ＂contemporaneity＂ ~ Thus, autopsia is possible in both theoretical and actual senses.