意向和行动:逻辑关系还是因果关系?——冯·赖特之逻辑关系论证

Causal or Logical Relation between Intention and Action?: On von Wright's Theory of Logical Connection Argument

意向和行动的关系是意向主义和因果主义争论的中心。逻辑关系论证是意向主义哲学家早期用于反对因果主义的一种理论。冯·赖特支持逻辑关系论证,并为之提供了新的证明方式。但在行动和意向之间是强逻辑关系还是弱逻辑关系的问题上,他早年支持强逻辑关系,而后又转向弱逻辑关系,也就是概念关系。这一转变反映了新维特根斯坦主义对行动说明所做的探索,即坚持行动说明的独特性,一方面要反对自然科学中因果说明的僭越,另一方面真正承认社会生活的丰富性,并在此基础上对行动说明给予合适的定位。

Is the relation between intention and action logical or causal? This is the most heated controversy between intentionalism and causalism. Logical connection argument(LCA) is proposed by early intentionalism to oppose causalism. Although von Wright supports LCA and provides new argumentations,his position has shifted from a strong version to a weak one,which argues that the connection between intention and action is conceptual. This shift reflects the Neo-Wittgensteinian understanding: to insist the peculiarity in explaining action,one has to reject the abuse of causal explanation pertaining to natural sciences on the one hand,and recognize the richness of social life on the other.