钇稀土粉尘的生物学作用及其车间卫生标准的研究

STUDY OF BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF YTTRIUM DUST AND ITS HYGIENIC STANDARD IN THE AIR OF WORKPLACE

本文从钇稀土生产矿的劳动卫生、职业流行病学调查及动物体内、外实验研究了钇稀土粉尘的生物学作用,并对钇稀土生产车间空气粉尘卫生标准进行探讨。作业场所粉尘浓度在1.3—25.9mg/m^3,25名接尘工人中X线O^+检出率为16%,平均接尘工龄为8.8年。接尘组工人的肺功能及化验检查某些指标改变较对照组有显著差异,经动物体内外实验研究,钇组稀土粉尘显示的致肺纤维化作用和细胞毒性大于铈组粉尘但显著低于石英粉尘,根据本研究结果提出了生产车间钇组稀土粉尘卫生标准为3mg/m^3的建议值。

Labor hygiene and occupational epidemiology of a yttrium mine and the hygienic standard of yttrious dust were studied. An average concentration of dust in the air of workplace fluctuates between 1.3-25.9mg/m3. Incidence of O+stage of pneumoconiosis was 16% in 25 workers with average working history of 8.8 years. Some indices of respiratory function and laboratory examination showed significant difference in the workers exposed to yttrious dust as compared with control workers.Cytotoxicological experiment and rat dust exposure experiment showed that more damaged macrophage and fibrosis were found in yttrious dust group than in cerium dust group, and both were significantly less than the quartz group.According to the above results and the relation between biological effects and dose of the dusts, 3mg/m3 of yttrium dust might be recommended as the hygienic standard for dust in the air of workplace.