某高校甲型H1N1流感确诊病例流行病学分布特征分析

Epidemiological Distribution Characteristics of the Influenza A(H1N1) Cases Confirmed of a College

目的:通过了解某高校甲型H1N1流感病例的流行病学分布特征,为预防和控制流感在高校的蔓延提供依据。方法:以某高校2009年11月6日至2009年11月24日发病并确诊的74例甲型H1N1流感病例为研究对象,分析并比较病例的年龄、性别、学历层次、年级、专业、发病时间和临床症状。结果:74例甲型H1N1流感确诊病例均为学生,罹患率为1.63%,其中男性占94.6%,女性占5.4%;病例平均年龄为20.5岁±2.2岁;94.6%的病例为本科生;本科生罹患率(4.03%)显著高于研究生(0.14%);2006级见习期本科生罹患率(11.05%)显著高于其他年级学生;疫情的流行全距为19天,发病高峰为2009年11月13日至2009年11月18日;病例以发热、咳嗽、乏力、头疼等临床症状为主。结论:该高校甲型H1N1流感确诊病例多为22岁以下的男性学生。本研究提示加强见习学生的监测和管理、设立隔离宿舍、接种疫苗等有针对性的措施能够有效控制流感疫情在高校蔓延。

Objective： To describe the epidemical distribution characteristics of the influenza A （H1N1） cases confirmed of a college, and to provide a basis for prevention and control of influenza. Methods： Epidemical characteristics of 74 confirmed A （H1N1） influenza cases onset from November 6 to November 24, 2009 of the epidemic were analyzed descriptively, including the distribution of age, sex, education background, grade, specialty, the time of symptom onset and main symptoms. Results： The 74 confirmed A （H1N1） influenza cases were all students, and the attack rate was 1.63 % and 94.6 % of the cases were male students; the mean age of all the cases were 20.5 ＋ 2.2 years old; 94.6 % of the cases were undergraduates; undergraduate and graduate attack rates were significantly different, undergraduate attack rate（4.03 %） was higher than graduate（0.14 %）; the attack rate（11.05 %） of the undergraduates of grade 2006 who were apprentices were higher than others significantly; the duration of the epidemic situation was 19 days, the peak date incidence was from November 13, 2009 to November 18, 2009. Most of the symptoms would include fever, cough, fatigue and headache. Conclusion Most of the confirmed A （H1N1） influenza cases in the college were the male students under 22 years old. The research suggests that the epidemic situation in colleges can be controlled efficiently by targeted measures like enhancing surveillance to apprentice, isolation, vaccination, eta].