拉德瑞罗地热电站可持续开发经验——记拉德瑞罗地热发电100周年

Successful Experience in Sustaining Long-term Operation of Larderello Geothermal Power Station——The 100^(th) Anniversary of Startup of Larderello Geothermal Power Station

意大利地热发电的世界霸主地位持续了60多年,直至20世纪70年代被美国超越。位于意大利中部托斯卡纳区的拉德瑞罗地热电站是世界第一座地热电站,1913年11月13日开始运行,到1957年仍是世界唯一的地热发电。截至2013年11月,拉德瑞罗地热电站已发电运行100周年,实现了可再生地热能的可持续开发。拉德瑞罗地热电站稳定发展和持续运行100年的经验,一是发电系统设备更新换代,2013年拉德瑞罗地热电站运行机组22台,总装机容量594MW,全部是20世纪90年代以来的新建机组;二是发电废汽回收实行冷凝水回灌,拉德瑞罗地热田现有23口回灌井,将发电废蒸汽回收后的冷凝水回灌到地下热储中,电站因此在2005~2009年增加了4台机组、共100MW的新增装机容量;三是地热田的勘探扩展。拉德瑞罗地热发电的百年经验也是对世界地热开发的重要贡献。

Italy had dominated the world＇s geothermal power generation sector for more than 60 years until it was overtaken by the United States in the 1970s.The Larderello Geothermal Power Station located in Tuscany in central Italy was the world＇s first geothermal power station.It started operation on November 13,1913 and remained the only geothermal power generation facility in the world until 1957.As of November 2013, Larderello Geothermal Power Station had been in operation for 100 years and achieved the sustainable development of renewable geothermal energy.Three major factors have contributed to Larderello Geothermal Power Station＇s 100-year stable operation.Firstly,the power station＇s power generating system has been updated constantly.In 2013,Larderello Geothermal Power Station had 22 generating sets in operation,with a combined installed generating capacity of 594MW.All those generating sets were new units established since the 1990s. Secondly,waste steam is recovered for reinjection of condensate water.There are currently 23 reinjection wells in the geothermal field of Larderello Geothermal Power Station.Waste steam from the power generation process is recovered for reinjection of condensate water into the underground geothermal reservoir.In order to utilize the waste steam ,the power station added four generating sets ing capacity of lOOMW.Thirdly,the size of the geothermal during 2005 to 2009,with a combined generat-field of the power station has been expanding continuously along with the advancement of exploration.The century-long history of Larderello Geothermal Power Station is also an important contribution to the world＇s geothermal development.