咸阳出土北周《魏故南秦刺史成君碑》疏证

Reading Northern Zhou Tablet of Cheng Jun Excavated in Xianyang

咸阳出土北周保定四年(564年)《魏故南秦刺史成君碑》,为存世不多的北周碑版增添了一例年代较早的历史物证,也为研讨西魏北周之间的史事与人物,特别是梳理南秦州刺史成氏家族提供了重要的文献依据,而其书法样式也足以见证当时长安地区的流行风尚。因为此碑在内容上的最大特点是为北魏南秦州刺史成君和他的两位胞弟、一位堂弟和一位侄子共同下葬而建立的家族墓碑,故本文的考证一是侧重于成君的家族与人物,以此见证族源为匈奴后裔的成氏一族乃是有功于北魏的上谷豪族;二是侧重于这些人物所参与的重大史事,譬如碑文所记中坚将军成尊和领兵"征梁、汉,与吴贼兰钦交阵"乃是南梁与西魏在汉中南郑的一次重要战事,适可与正史互为补证,并能见证当时战争的惨烈悲壮。此外,碑文有"内辩三乘,外明六史"之说,故关于"六史"的称谓在内涵上究竟是指文献还是指职官,也是文章注重分析的一个问题。当然,还值得留意的就是此碑的书法,楷书中尚未尽脱北魏笔致而又有受到北齐影响的隶书意趣,堪称北周碑版墓志书法中最为峻整者,并足以见证这样一种受南朝书风影响而在北周都城长安地区营造出来的书法时尚与主流样式。

The tablet of Cheng Jun, prefectural governor of Nanqin, was excavated in Xianyang, Shanxi province. Dated to the 4th year of the Baoding period （564 AD）, it is a rare example of early Northern Zhou tablet and is valuable for studying the history of Western Wei and Northern Zhou, especially the history of the Cheng family. This tablet was dedicated to Cheng Jun, his two brothers, cousin and nephew. The focus of this paper is on the members of the Cheng family, which had Xiongnu origins, and historical events they had been involved in, e.g. a battle between the Liang and the Western Wei at Nanzheng. The inscription ＂~, ~＂ has been analyzed as well. The calligraphy in regular script is a blend of Northern Wei style and Northern Qi official script and shows influences from the south. Such a calligraphic style was popular in the Northern Zhou capital Chang＇an in those days.