窄间隙横焊焊缝成形不对称性研究

Research on the asymmetric distribution of weld formation in horizontal narrow-gap welding

随着大型重工业的发展,厚板在横向位置的焊接越来越受到重视,而窄间隙横向焊接是效率最高、难度最大的一种焊接方法。采用新型扁平状摆动电弧窄间隙焊枪,研究窄间隙横焊时电弧摆动对焊接熔池流动及焊缝不对称性成形的影响规律。试验结果表明,电弧不摆动时熔池在重力作用下下淌,电弧摆动改变了熔池受力位置和热源的分布,使侧壁得到足够的能量实现完全熔合。随着摆动幅度的增加,熔池下淌趋势得到有效抑制,而且在不引起侧壁起弧前提下,摆动幅度越大,焊缝成形对称性越好。

With the development of large-scale heavy industry,welding of thick plates in horizontal position draws more and more attention,and the horizontal narrow gap welding is the most efficient,the most difficult kind of welding method.In this paper,a new flat swing arc narrow gap welding torch was adopted,the influence of swing motion on the weld pool flow and asymmetry weld shape were studied.Experimental results indicate that the molten pool flows downward under the influence of gravity when the arc does not swing.The swinging arc changes the arc force position and the heat distribution,and the sidewalls gain sufficient energy to achieve complete fusion.With the increase of the swinging amplitude,the drip trend is effectively suppressed,and under the premise of not causing sidewall shunting arc,the larger swinging amplitude the better symmetry weld.