广州居民交通出行的分异趋势及对交通公平的启示

The Differentiation Of Transportation And Its Effects On Transportation Equality In Guangzhou

随着我国快速城市化和机动化,居民交通出行能力成为社会分化、影响公平的重要因素。通过对比广州1984年、1998年、2003年及2011年的交通出行特征发现,近三十年以来广州居民机动性大大增强,表现在生活性非通勤比例、出行频率、出行距离和机动交通比例均有较大幅增加,各出行结构指标已接近发达国家最低平均水平;居民使用地铁和小汽车等高费用出行方式的比例大幅增加,使用步行、自行车、电动车和轮渡等低费用出行方式的比例则大幅减少;不同性别、年龄和收入群体在出行结构上差异显著,这种总体机动性分化趋势和社会分异特征综合反映出弱势群体与强势群体之间存在着交通不公平性。交通政策应从追求"均一人群""均一结果"的整体效率目标,转向兼顾"不同群体""不同结果"的结构公平目标,逐步消除交通资源配置中的起点不公平和再分配不公平。

Residents’ transportation ability has become an important factor of social differentiation and inequality. By comparison of transportation characters in Guangzhou in 1984, 1998, 2003, and 2011, the author ifnds out Guangzhou residents’ mobility has improved distinctively. The frequencies, distance, automobile ratios in transportation al grow to a large extent and relevant indicators have got close to that of developed countries. Subway and car transport increase while pedestrian, bicycle, electric bicycle, and ferry transport decrease. The dif erence also exists among dif erent gender, age, and income groups. The character relfects transportation inequality between the upper and lower classes. In conclusion, the author suggests transportation policy change from uniform to dif erentiated visions to gradual y eliminate the inequality in transportation.