大学生精神信仰及心理韧性现状及相互关系

Status of spiritual belief and psychological resilience and their correlation among university students

目的了解大学生精神信仰和心理韧性现状及其相互关系。方法采用大学生精神信仰问卷及青少年心理韧性量表对1 553名大学生进行横断面调查并对数据进行分析。结果大学生实用信仰得分最高为(12.69±1.99)分,超自然信仰得分最低为(5.22±1.19)分;西南地区大学生精神信仰总分为(28.48±3.25)分,高于东部学生的(28.10±3.28)分(P<0.05);少数民族大学生精神信仰总分为(28.86±3.39)分、超自然信仰得分为(5.58±1.41)分、社会信仰得分为(10.85±1.64)分,均明显高于汉族学生(P<0.001);大一学生精神信仰总分为(28.57±3.20)分,明显高于其他年级(P<0.01);西南地区大学生心理韧性总分为(17.99±2.24)分,明显高于东部学生的(17.52±2.33)分(P<0.001);女生心理韧性总分为(18.04±2.24)分,明显高于男生的(17.47±2.31)分(P<0.001);少数民族大学生心理韧性总分为(18.23±2.36)分,明显高于汉族学生的(17.62±2.24)分(P<0.001);大一学生心理韧性总分为(17.96±2.27)分,明显高于其他年级(P<0.01)。社会信仰与心理韧性各维度均呈明显正相关(P<0.01);超自然信仰、实用信仰与心理韧性各维度相关程度各不相同。超自然信仰对情绪控制、积极认知、家庭支持有明显的负向预测作用(P<0.05);而社会信仰对心理韧性各维度均有明显正向预测作用(P<0.001)。结论大学生科学的信仰观有待提高,大学生精神信仰对心理韧性具有一定的预测作用。

Objective To explore the status of spiritual belief and psychological resilience and their relationship among university students. Methods A total of 1 533 university students were investigated with the Questionnaire of Spiritual Belief and the Scale of Resilience. Regression was adopted in data analysis. Results Among the students, the score of practical belief was the highest （ 12. 69±1.99 ） and the score of supernatural belief was the lowest （ 5.22± 1.19）. The spiritual belief score of the studtents form southwest area（28.48 ±3.25 ） was obviously higher than that of students from eastern area （28.10 ±3.28） （P 〈 0. 05）. The minority college students had higher scores of whole belief （ 28.86 ±3.39 ）, supernatural belief （ 5.58 ±1.41 ）, and social belief （ 10. 85 ±1.64 ） than Han students significantly （ P 〈 0. 001 ）. The score of whole belief（28.57 ±3.20 ） was the highest in the freshman （ P 〈 0.01 ）. The students from southwest area had a higher score of whole resilience （ 17. 99 ±2. 24） than the students from eastern area （ 17.52± 2. 33 ） （P 〈 0. 001 ）. The score of whole resilience of the girls （ 18. 04 ±2. 24） was obviously higher than that of the boys （ 17.47 ±2. 31 ） （ P 〈 0. 001 ） and the minority students had a higher whole resilience score （ 18.23 ±2. 36 ） than the Han students （ 17.62±2.24） （ P 〈 0. 001 ）. The score of whole resilience of the freshman （ 17.96 ±2. 27 ） was the highest com- pared to all other students （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. Social belief was significantly related to every dimension of resilience positively. Supernatural belief and utility beliefs had different association with every dimension of resilience. Supernatural belief showed significantly negative prediction effect on emotional control, positive cognition, and family support （ P 〈 0. 05 for all）. But social belief had obvious positive prediction effect on resilience（ P 〈 0. 001 ）. Conclusion The spiritual belief of university students needs to be improved. Spiritual belief is a predictor for psychological resilience among university students.