事业单位员工生存质量影响因素结构方程模型

Factors affecting quality of life among employees of public institutions:a structural equation model

目的了解事业单位员工生存质量现状,探讨健康相关行为对事业单位员工生存质量的影响,为进行行为干预和健康教育提供依据。方法采用随机整群抽样方法对在广东省东莞市5家事业单位355名员工进行问卷调查,构建健康相关行为与生存质量之间的结构方程模型,并对模型进行拟合、修正和评价。结果事业单位员工生存质量总体健康(GH)、生理机能(PF)、生理职能(RP)、躯体疼痛(BP)、情感职能(RE)、社会功能(SF)、活力(VT)、精神健康(MH)8个维度和生理健康(PCS)、心理健康(MCS)2个方面的得分分别为(60.8±15.8)、(88.8±13.8)、(84.6±27.6)、(70.3±13.2)、(72.6±38.6)、(92.0±20.5)、(67.4±15.7)、(66.7±16.1)分和(75.9±12.5)、(74.4±17.1)分;构建的模型较好地拟合数据,拟合指数,RMSEA为0.073,NNFI为0.91,CFI和IFI均为0.93;健康行为和健康管理对生理健康和心理健康的结构系数分别为1.02、0.93和0.28、0.22,健康行为和健康管理对生理健康的影响均大于对心理健康的影响,健康行为对生存质量的影响更大。结论健康行为和健康管理对事业单位员工的生存质量具有正向作用,可以通过行为干预、增强健康管理的意识改善其生存质量,提高其健康水平。

Objective To study quality of life （QOL） among public institution employees and to explore health related behaviors influencing the QOL for health education and behavior intervention. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 355 employees selected with cluster random sampling from 5 public institutions in Dongguan city of Guangdong province. A structural equation model was constructed, corrected and fitted to analyze the relationship be- tween QOL and health behaviors. Results The QOL score among the employees was 60. 8 ±15.8 for general healeh,88.8 ±13.8 for physical function,84. 6 ±27. 6 for role-physical,70. 3 ±13.2 for bodily pain,72. 6 ±38.6 for role-emo- tional,92. 0 ±20. 5 for social function,67.4 ±15.7 for vitality,66. 7 ±16. 1 for mental health,75.9 ±12. 5 for physical component summary （PCS）, and 74. 4 ±17. 1 for mental component summary （MCS）, respectively. The model fitted the data well （xZ/df = 2. 90）, with the root mean square error of approximation of 0. 073, non-normed fit index of 0. 91, com- parative fit index of 0.93, and incremental fit index of 0. 93, respectively. The structure coefficients were 1.02 between health behavior and PCS and 0. 93 between health behavior and MCS ; the structure coefficients were 0. 28 between health management and PCS and 0. 22 between health management and MCS. The effects of health behavior and health man- agement on PCS were all greater than on MCS and the effect of health behavior on QOL was more greater. Conclusion Health behavior and health management have positive effect on public institution employees＇ QOL, and the QOL could be improved by behavior intervention and the increase of health management consciousness.