滦河流域土地利用/覆被变化的水文响应

On hydrological response to land-use /cover change in Luanhe River basin

以滦河流域为研究区,利用1985和2000年土地利用数据,结合SWAT分布式水文模型定量评价了流域土地利用/覆被变化的水文效应,并分析了流域地表径流变化与主要景观类型的响应关系。结果表明:SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)模型可以较好地模拟滦河流域的月流量过程,在研究区具有较好的适用性;1985—2000年流域林地向草地和耕地的转变导致流域年均地表径流和总径流量分别增加了12.6%和5.1%;并使得流域年均地表径流变化空间差异显著,整体呈增加趋势,且主要受到林地变化的影响,而在三道河子以上集水区地表径流的变化则主要受到耕地景观的影响。合理规划土地利用格局,对于流域水资源可持续利用具有重要意义。

This paper, taking the Luanhe River basin as a research area, quantifies and evaluates the hydrological re- sponse to land-use/cover change. Using the distributed hydrological model Soil and Water Assessment Tool （SWAT） and the land-use data of 1985 and 2000, the responsive relationship between the surface runoff variation and the major types of landscapes is analyzed. The result shows that the calibrated SWAT model can well simulate the monthly flows, and is thus applicable to the study of Luanhe river basin. From 1985 through 2000, the conversion from forestry land to farmland and grassland had led to the 12.6% and 5.1% growths in average annual surface runoff and total runoff, respectively. The conversion had also brought in a significant spatial difference in average annual surface runoff on the basin. The overall trend in the spatial difference had been increasing, which is primarily caused by the transformation of land use from forest to others. Changes in surface runoff in the upstream catchment area controlled by the Sandaohe- zi hydrological station was mainly the result of farmland landscapes. The paper concludes that reasonably planning of land-use pattern is important for the sustainable use of water resources in the Luanhe River basin.