美国应对常规外交问题的模式--以对冲绳问题的决策(1945～1969)为例

American Bureaucratic Interaction on Non-vital Foreign Policy Issues:A Case Study of American Foreign Policymaking toward Okinawa(1945～1969)

本文以1945年～1969年美国对冲绳问题的决策过程为例，研究其官僚机构如何应对非危机情势下的非重大外交问题。本文认为，美国国务院和军方的中层官员在协调美日立场方面起到了非常重要的作用，并推动两国的高层逐渐认同他们的观点，缩小分歧；随着事态的发展，冲绳问题逐渐由边缘问题变为白宫关注的重要问题之一，白宫开始在这一问题上发挥主导作用。

Different U. S. government departments held different positions on the making of American foreign policy toward Okinawa from1945 to 1969. The Okinawa issue was a typical non-vital foreign policy issue in non-crisis situation for the U. S. The midlevel officials of the State Department and the military officers played a very important role in negotiating their positions,and persuaded each other's senior officials to accept their negotiated position and narrowed down the differences gradually. The issue finally became one of White House's key issues,and the White House began to play a dominant role in solving the Okinawa reversion issue. This interaction mode among American Bureaucracy on Okinawa issues serves as a useful reference when the U. S. government deals with other non-vital foreign policy issues in non-crisis situation.