WTO法律适用断层之探析及完善

The Exploration and Perfection of WTO Rules Application Faultages

乌拉圭回合长达8年艰苦谈判所达成的WTO规则堪称一部规范世界贸易秩序的宏大法典,为国际贸易活动的法治化和规范化作出了重要贡献。但基于WTO法律自身的模糊性、在各成员国的普遍非直接适用性、国际国内层面对WTO相关法律解释基本原则的不一致性等原因,WTO法律适用之国际、国内层面存在断层。现阶段包括贸易政策审议机制和争端解决机制在内的贸易政策监督机制不能有效监督WTO法律在各成员方内的贯彻实施,影响了WTO法律的一致性、有效性。如何对现阶段WTO争端解决机制进行改进,监督相关规则于各成员内之有效实施,更好地维护国际贸易私人主体之权利,促进贸易自由化目标之实现,为现在WTO工作者所面临的重要议题。

WTO rules, which have been called World Trade Codes, are results of 8 years of tough Uruguay Round Negotiation. WTO rules contribute a lot to the legalization and normalization of world trade. However, based on the ambiguity, general indirect application and different basic interpretation principles from national and international levels, there are huge faultages existing between national and international levels. Currently, the trade policy supervising system including TPRM and DSM can not supervise the application of WTO rules in member countries effectively, effecting the consistency and efficiency of WTO rules. How to improve the current WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism and supervise the effective application of WTO rules in member states to protect private party＇s rights in international trade and realize the realization of free trade aim are important tasks faced by WTO workers.