原型与问题呈现方式对科学问题解决的影响

On the Influence of the Presentation of Prototype and Problem in Solving Scientific Problem

以西南大学编制的《科学发明创造实验问题材料库》中24个科学问题为实验材料,随机抽取南通大学在校文理科大学生为被试,通过操纵学习时原型呈现方式(文本原型或文本原型+图形)和测试时问题呈现方式(文本问题或文本问题+图形),探讨了原型及问题本身呈现方式对科学问题解决的影响。结果发现:1)在科学发明问题解决中,在有图形的问题呈现方式下问题解决正确率高于文本问题呈现方式下的问题解决正确率;2)原型呈现方式在原型激活率上存在显著差异,在科学问题解决正确率上差异不显著;问题呈现方式在原型激活率上不存在显著差异,在科学问题解决正确率上差异显著;3)原型呈现方式和问题呈现方式在问题解决正确率和原型激活率上不存在交互作用,没有产生累加效应。

This research used 24 scientific questions selected from the database of questions on scientific inventions and innovations compiled by Xinan University to investigate the sampled students in Nantong University to explore the effects of prototype and problems presented in controlled learning and testing. The results showed that：1） the correct rate of problems solutions in a condition of graphics presentation was higher than that in a condition of text presentation; 2） there was a significant difference in the prototype elicitation rate while the accuracy difference was not significant in the scientific problems solving; 3） the problem presentation had no significant difference in the prototype activated rate, but difference existed significantly in accuracy of scientific problem solving; and 4） prototype and problem presentation turned out no interaction and cumulative effect in problems solution accuracy and prototype elicitation rate.