农民工单亲家庭子女的自我意识与父母养育方式

Self-concept and Parental Rearing Patterns of Children of Off-farm Workers in Single Parent Family

目的探讨上海市宝山区农民工单亲家庭子女的自我意识与父母养育方式。方法采用分层整群抽样方法，用自制一般情况调查表和儿童自我意识量表及父母养育方式量表对上海市宝山区全部7所农民工学校三一九年级学生进行调查，共4350人有效完成问卷。结果①农民工子女中检出单亲家庭161例（3．7％）；②单亲家庭子女自我意识量表中，在智力与学校情况（t=2．56，P〈0．05），躯体外貌与属性（t=2．43，P〈0．05），合群分量表（t=2．52，P〈0．05）和总分（t=2．43，P〈0．05）上，量表分低于非单亲家庭子女的得分；③农民工单亲家庭中分居、离异及一方已故，3纽之间自我意识量表的因子及总分上差异无统计学意义；④农民工单亲家庭的男孩在行为（t=2．35，P〈0．05）、智力与学校情况（t=2．39，P〈0．05）、躯体外貌与属性（t=2．02，P〈0．05）、合群（t=2．55，P〈0．05）及总分（t=2．26，P〈0．05）上低于女孩；⑤在父母养育方式上，单亲家庭母亲情感温暖因子低于非单亲家庭的母亲情感温暖因子（t=2．14，P〈0．05）。结论农民工单亲家庭子女自我意识水平低于非单亲家庭子女，需要进行心理卫生干预。。

Objective To survey the self-concept and parental rearing patterns of children of off-farm workers single in parent family in Shanghai Baoshan district. Methods The study was done in the whole 7 schools for off-farm workers＇children in Shanghai Baoshan District,including all 3 -9 grades students. Totally 4350 students was finished survey. General family questionnaire and Children＇s self- concept Scale（ PHCSS） and EMBU were used. Results （1） 161 single parent family were detected. （2）In single parent family,the scores of PHCSS in intellectual and school status （ t = 2. 56, P 〈 0.05 ）, physical appearance and attributes （ t = 2.43,P 〈 0.05 ）, popularity （ t = 2. 52, P 〈 0.05 ） and the total scores （t = 2.43, P 〈 0.05 ） were significantly lower than those of non-single parent family. （3）There were no differences in self-concept factors scores and total score （ F = 0. 11, P 〉 0.05 ） among separation, divorced, remarried and widowed group in incomplete family. （4）In single parent family, boys＇scores of PHCSS in behavior（t = 2. 35, P 〈 0.05 ）, intellectual and school status （ t = 2. 39, P 〈 0.05 ）, physical appearance and attributes （ t = 2.02, P 〈 0.05 ）, popularity （ t = 2. 55, P 〈 0.05 ） and the total scores （ t = 2. 26, P 〈 0.05 ） were significantly lower than girls. （5）In parental rearing patterns, the scores of mother＇s emotional warmth in single parent family was lower than that of mother＇s emotional warmth in non-single parent family （ t = 2. 14,P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusion Children of off-farm workers in single parent family have lower self-concept, and need more intervention on mental health