西安市城区11～12岁超重肥胖儿童饮食行为及认知调查分析

Survey of diet behavioral and awareness of overweight and obesity children from11-12 years old in Xi'an City

目的 了解西安市城区11～12岁超重肥胖小学生饮食行为及疾病认知状况,为制定儿童超重肥胖的预防措施提供科学依据.方法 采用分层随机整群抽样方法,对西安市城区4所小学11～12岁共1 535名学生进行体格检查;对筛选出的超重肥胖儿童及同龄正常儿童问卷调查并对相关内容进行病例对照研究.结果 11～12岁儿童超重肥胖率为19.22%;超重和肥胖检出率分别为14.66 %、4.56%;男生超重肥胖检出率高于女生（P＜0.01）.每周≥4 d不吃早餐的超重肥胖儿童人数显著多于健康儿童（P〈0.01）;每天喝奶量〉500 mL的超重肥胖儿童人数显著多于健康儿童（P〈0.01）;与正常组比较,超重肥胖儿童喜吃甜食（P〈0.05）,睡前加餐（P〈0.01）,不喜爱吃蔬菜和水果（P〈0.05）;超重肥胖组儿童和正常组儿童对于＂肥胖症危害＂的知晓率比较差异无统计学意义（P〈 0.05）,正常组儿童对于＂有效地控制体质量＂的应答率高于超重肥胖组儿童.结论 西安市城区11～12岁小学生超重肥胖率处于东部经济发达城市与江南经济发达城乡之间.应积极纠正超重肥胖儿童的不良饮食习惯,加强疾病健康教育,使其了解肥胖症的危害及有效控制体质量的方法.

Objective To understand the diet behaviors and awareness of the disease condition overweight students from 11 to 12 years old in Xi＇an city, to provide scientific basis for preventive measures of overweight and obesity in children. Methods By stratified random cluster sampling method, 1535 students aged 11-12 year old in four Primary school of Xi＇an city were given physical examination case-control study were given for overweight children and normal children, after questionnaire content. Results The rate of overweight and obesity aged 11-12 year old was 19.22%. The incidence of overweight and obesity were 14.66% and 4. 56% respectively, The detection rate of overweight and obesity in boys was significantly higher than that in girls （P〈0.01）. The number of overweight and obese children without breakfast for more than 4 days per week was significantly more than that of healthy children （P〈0, 01）. The number of overweight and obese children with daily milk volume more than 500ml was significantly more than that of healthy children （P〈0. 01）. Compared with normal group, overweight and obese children like to eat sweets （P〈0. 05）, bedtime snacks （P〈0. 01）, do not like to eat vegetables and fruits （P〈0. 05）, There was no significant difference between overweight and obdse children and normal children for the ＂obesity hazard＂ awareness （P〉0. 031, The response rate of the ＂effective weight control＂ in normal group was more than that in overweight and obese children. Conclusion The rate of overweight and obesity aged 11-12 year old in primary school of Xi＇an City fails in between the economically developed eastern cities and urban and rural areas of economically developed southern cities, Overweight and obese children should actively correct the bad eating habits, and strengthened about disease health education. It is necessary to make them aware of the dangers of obesity and effec- tive method of weight control.