散发性结直肠癌发病分子机制研究进展

Research Progress in Molecular Pathogenesis of Colorectal Cancer

结直肠癌是最常见的消化系统恶性肿瘤之一,其病因和发病机制十分复杂。自1974年Morson提出结直肠腺瘤癌变序贯学说以来,随着现代分子生物学技术的飞速发展,研究者对结直肠癌发病的分子机制进行了深入研究。目前认为,结直肠癌的发生是一个多因素、多步骤、内外因交互作用的结果,且具有鲜明的分子特征,主要包括癌基因的激活、抑癌基因的失活及基因组不稳定现象等。全文主要围绕结直肠癌发病分子机制的最新研究进展作一综述。

Colorectal cancer（CRC） is one of the most common digestive system malignancies,and the etiological factors and pathogenetic mechanisms underlying CRC development appear to be com- plex and heterogeneous. Since Morson first proposed ＂the adenoma-carcinoma sequence＂ in 1974, the pathogenesis of CRC has been extensively studied with the rapid advancement of the molecular biological techniques. The development of CRC is recognized as a multi-factorial,multi-stage pro- cess with intense crosstalk of both genetic and environmental risk factors, and has distinct molecu- lar characteristics, such as activation of oncogenes,loss-of-function of tumor suppressor genes, and genomic instability. In this review,the most up-to-date progresses in the study of molecular patho- genesis of CRC are discussed.