有机化合物生物富集的度量与评价方法进展

Advances in metrics and assessment of organic chemical bioaccumulation

生物富集对评价有机化合物引起人类健康或生态环境的潜在风险具有重要作用,也是化学物质管理和制修订环境质量基准的重要依据.然而,化学物质与生物机体之间相互作用的过程复杂,以及环境因素的多变性,均给生物富集的度量与评价带来很大不确定性.因此,本文从过程机制角度出发,系统总结了生物富集的度量指标、以及影响化学物质生物富集过程的主要因素,综述了测定和评价生物富集系数的各类方法进展及其适用范围,并对此方面的研究趋势与需求进行了展望.

Bioaccumulation plays an important part in the risk assessment of chemicals to humans and the environment, and is a current focus of regulatory effort for chemical management and derivation of environmental quality criteria. Interactions between chemicals and organisms, as well as the variability of environmental factors, can complicate the interpretation of bioaccumulation metrics and assessment. Therefore in this review, the common metrics of bioaccumulation were introduced, and both the biotic and abiotie factors affecting bioaccumulation were summarized. Advances in bioaecumulation assessment approaches and their applications were also reviewed, including in vivo, in vitro, in silico, biomimetic and field measurement. Recommendations and improvements in scientific methods and regulatory criteria are proposed.