忻州市市区大气颗粒物中的元素组成特征

Characteristic of elements in atmospheric particulate matters in air of Xinzhou City

采集忻州市市区冬季和夏季总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)和可吸入颗粒物(PM10)样品,测定其中Na、Mg、Al、Si、K、Ca、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Pb等18种元素含量,并对元素的浓度水平、时空分布特征和重金属的潜在生态风险以及元素的主要来源进行了研究.结果表明,忻州市TSP和PM10中18种元素平均浓度分别为47662.2 ng·m-3和17546.4 ng·m-3,重金属的生态危害在TSP中由高到低依次为Cd>Cu>Co>Pb>As>Cr>Zn>Ni>Mn,在PM10中为Cd>Cu>Pb>Co>Zn>Cr>As>Ni>Mn,且PM10比TSP具有更强的生态危害性.富集因子和主因子分析法表明,忻州市PM10中元素的主要排放源包括:煤烟尘和工业粉尘、土壤风沙尘、建筑水泥尘和汽车尾气,贡献率分别为56.30%、23.88%、19.78%.

Total suspended particle （TSP） and particulate matter （ PM10 ） samples were collected in Xinzhou during winter and summer and eighteen elements including Na, Mg, A1, Si, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu,Zn, As, Cd and Pb were measured. The concentration, spatial and temporal distribution characteristics, potential ecological risk of heavy metals and the main source of these elements are studied. The result indicated that the concentration of 18 elements in TSP was 47662.2 ng.m-3 and in PM10 was 17546.4 ng.m-3. An order of potential ecological risk index of heavy metals in TSP was Cd 〉 Cu 〉 Co 〉 Pb 〉 As 〉 Cr 〉 Zn 〉 Ni 〉 Mn and in PM10 was Cd 〉 Cu 〉 Pb 〉 Co 〉 Zn 〉 Cr 〉 As 〉 Ni 〉 Mn and the potential ecological risk index of PM10 was higher than TSP. The main sources of elements in PM10 in Xinzhou were divided into three categories including coal buring and industrial dust （56.30%）, soil dust （23.88%） and the construction cement dust and vehicle emission （19.80%）.