生命政治的悖论:人口群体与安全机制

The biopolitical paradox: Population and security mechanisms

本文就依据福柯及后续思想家的思考提出的"生命政治"概念提出一种质疑的方式。为了让这种质疑紧扣生命政治的含义,作者将米歇尔·福柯对哲学与现实关系的理解作为起点。由此出发,作者围绕生死关系的悖谬经济学原理以及米歇尔·福柯、吉奥乔·阿甘本(Giorgio Agamben)和罗伯托·埃斯波西托(Roberto Esposito)对这些原理的多种解读提出了一系列问题。在这一主题之下,作者对生命政治与种族主义机制和免疫机制之间的联系进行了探索。作者认为,尽管两种机制都是现代生命政治模式的基础,但福柯的生命政治学概念却并非仅仅局限于这两点。随之,作者提出一种假设,认为如果不将"人口"概念和多种"安全"机制的出现考虑在内,那么生命政治和"生命"概念本身是无法理解的。只有通过这些安全机制,人们才有可能感知生命政治看似矛盾的结构。

This article proposes a way of problematising the concept of biopolitics based on Foucauldian and post-Foucauldian reflection. In order to steer the question towards the meaning of biopolitics, we take as our starting point the relationship between philosophy and the present, as understood by Michel Foucault. From there, a series of questions are posed around the paradoxical economics of relationships between Bios and Thanatos and their various readings by Michel Foucault, Giorgio Agamben, and Roberto Esposito. On this subject, the links between biopolitics and racist and immunity apparatuses are explored. It is posited that although both apparatuses are fundamental to the modern biopolitical diagram, the Foucauldian concept of biopolitics cannot be reduced to them alone.Consequently, a hypothesis is proposed that biopolitics and the very notion of life cannot be understood without taking into account the emergence of the concept of "population"and the multiple "security" mechanisms. Only through those security mechanisms is it possible to perceive the paradoxical structure of biopolitics.