中国物权概念的反思与批判

The Reflection and Criticism of the Concept of Real Right in China

中国物权概念具有模糊性、相对性和僵固性,存在物权内涵与外延的背离、形式物权与观念物权的矛盾、法律物权与事实物权的冲突。采纳物权的概念,符合主流民法学界的知识结构,是历史的选择,但不是唯一的选择。继续沿用《民法通则》财产权的概念,广泛使用参照的立法技术,亦能解决问题。《物权法》中财产概念的使用频率高于物权,用益物权实质是用益财产权,担保物权实质是担保财产权。物权法应当解读为财产法,定位于有体财产和无体财产的基本法。吸取采纳物权概念的教训,尊重现有的立法资源,未来没有必要制定债权总论。

The concept of real right in China is vague, relative and rigid,which contains many conflicts. Adopting the concept of real right is the choice of history, which conforms to the knowledge structure of mainstream scholars in civil law. If we follow the concept of property right and use the legislative technique widely, the problems also can be solved. The concept of property is much more often used than real right in real right law. And it＇s very necessary to learn lessons from the concept of real right, respect the existing legislative resource and make the general principles of creditor＇s rights unnecessary.