老年大学学员的社会支持现况与抑郁的关系

Social support status and its relationship with depression for elderly university students

目的 探讨老年大学学员的社会支持现况及其与情绪抑郁的关系.方法 整群抽取南宁市老年大学159名55 ～ 79岁的学员,进行社会支持量表和老年抑郁量表的测查.结果 ①社会支持总分（40.92±7.63）分,高于国内常模[（34.56±3.73）分,t=10.515,P＜0.01],社会支持总分、主观支持评分、对支持的利用度评分均高于全国社区心理健康指导示范区（北京西城区）老年人（t=2.064,2.017,9.222；P＜0.05）；②样本中有配偶者的社会支持总分及各维度评分均高于无配偶者（t=5.78,4.956,4.918,3.175; P＜0.01）；③样本组中情绪抑郁的阳性率26.8％,抑郁阳性组的社会支持、主观支持、客观支持3项得分[（37.43±7.41）分,（21.43±4.93）分,（7.67±2.37）分]分均比阴性组低[（42.17±7.35）分,（24.43±4.22）分,（8.78±2.83）分,t=3.585,2.277,3.776；P＜0.05]；④社会支持、客观支持、主观支持评分与抑郁评分呈负相关（r=-0.296,-0.194,-0.307; P＜0.01）.结论 老年大学学员的社会支持总体水平较高,社会支持与抑郁症状呈负相关.

Objective To explore the status of social support and its relationship with depression in elderly university students.Methods 159 students aged 55 to 79 years of Nanning elderly university were selected using cluster sampling methods.They were surveyed by Social Support Rating Scale and Geriatric Depression Scale.Results ①The total score of social support（40.92±7.63） was higher than that of the national norm（34.56±3.73 ） （t=10.515,P＜0.01）,and score of social support,subjective support,utilization of support were higher than those of the elderly in Beijing Xicheng district community that was mental health guidance demonstration area in national community （t=2.064,2.017,9.222; P＜0.05）.②Social support score and each dimension score of having a spouse group were higher than those of no spouse group （t=5.78,4.956,4.918,3.175 ; P＜0.0 1）.③The positive rate of depression in the sample group was 26.8％.Social support score,objective support score,subjective support score of depression in positive group（37.43±7.41,21.43±4.93,7.67±2.37） were lower than those of negative group（42.17 ±7.35,24.43±4.22,8.78±2.83,t=3.585,2.277,3.776 ; P＜0.05）.④Social support,objective support,subjective support and depression were negatively correlated （r=-0.296,-0.194,-0.307; P＜0.01）.Conclusion Elderly university student＇s overall level of social support are higher,and social support is negatively correlated with depressive symptoms.