历史文化街区声景语义的主观评价研究——基于人文地理学的视角

SEMANTIC ANALYSIS FOR THE SOUNDSCAPE OF HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL AREAS: AN APPROACH OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

声景即声音景观,是人文地理景观的核心要素之一,它既塑造了特定区域的文化地理特征,也是地方感知的重要依托,声景主观感知评价对声景的创设和改善具有重要意义。本文以六个历史文化街区的实地声景为例,选取九组语义对,利用语义细分法进行声景主观评价实验,初步分析了客观声学参数与主观语义评价的定量关系。在对普通学生与本土人群对比分析的基础上,指出应关注对本土受众意义重大,反映本土地理、人文的声音及其发生场所和行为习惯,以期为历史区域的建设提供新的思路,也是从声景角度进行人文地理的探索。

Based on six soundscape case studies in small historical and cultural areas, including the South Pu- tuo Temple of Xiamen city of Fujian province in 2006, the downtown of Kashkar city of Xinjiang Uygur Au- tonomous Region in 2006, the Niangniang Tample of South Gaoluo village of Hebei province in 2007, the Nanxiangkou local music performing area in Hebei University of Shijiazhuang city in 2010 and 2011, Qian- juntai village and Zhuanghu village of Beijing city in 2012, a certain relationship analysis between the acous- tical parameters and the subjective assessment was put forward in this paper by the approach of semantic method. By using semantic differential analysis and series category method to qualify the vague subjective assessment of hearing to soundscape timbre, this paper analyzed the quantitative relations between one of the most important objective acoustical parameters - equivalent sound pressure level abbreviated as Leq and the subjective semantic assessment. Meanwhile, the paper compared the experimental data done by the common students and the native people, to prove that the soundscape planning or transformation of the old areas may be not only represented by some sound waveform, sound pressure level, spectrum and other acoustical pa- rameters or the advice from the experts and visitors, but some more detail information related the traditional issues, cultures, living ecology for the local people. On the other hand, it should pay more attention to the cultural and historical inheritance and understand the connotation of those sounds so as to preserve the sur- vival of its original characteristics of the native happening places, behaviors and customs.