东部地区流动人口城市融入的比较研究

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MIGRANT URBAN INTEGRATION WITH PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS

以东部地区城市特色比较明显的6个城市的问卷调查为基础,结合中国的实际情况构建了衡量流动人口城市融入的指标体系,通过主成分分析对6个城市流动人口的城市融入程度进行了比较。研究发现6个城市流动人口融入程度存在着明显的差异,环渤海的青岛和沈阳流动人口的城市融入程度最高,而珠江三角洲地区的东莞和长三角的温州流动人口的城市融入程度最低,介于两者之间的是长江三角洲地区的无锡和京津冀地区的北京。总体而言,北方城市流动人口的融入程度总体上要高于南方城市。流动人口城市融入程度的差异反映了城市特色或性质的不同。城市规模、城市所在区域的文化特色、城市经济特征、流动人口在总人口中的比例都是影响城市融入的重要因素。对于南北方流动人口城市融入的差异,方言具有很大的影响,推广普通话有利于流动人口的城市融入。

Based on the survey questionnaires data of the floating population in Beijing, Dongguan, Wenzhou, Qingdao, Wuxi and Shenyang 6 cities in eastern China, this paper builds up an indicator system that is in keeping with China＇ s reality to assesses the degree of floating population integration into urban with princi- pal component analysis. In our study we interpret urban integration with respect to economic integration, so- cial integration, mental integration, spatial integration and institutional integration. The results show that the degree of urban integration in Qingdao city is highest, the second highest is that of in Shenyang city. And the lowest city is Wenzhou and Dongguan. Wuxi and Beijing fall in between. Basically, that of north cities is higher than south cities in China. The urban integration is an interactive process between floating population and local society. The impacts of city character to urban integration of floating population are in two aspects. One is that city characters could bring about some positive or negative effect. Positive effect can shorten the social distance and make floating population feel friendliness to cities, but negative effect would deepen the gap. The other is the choice mechanism that different city need different population in development process, so it is more difficult for some floating population who are not necessary labors for some cities. The local di- alect of cities has important impact. So, to popularize Beijing pronunciation （Mandarin） is an effective meth- od of promotion urban integration of floating population.