不同尺度乡村聚落景观的空间集聚性分形特征及影响因素分析——以江苏省镇江市为例

THE MULTI-LEVEL SPATIAL AGGREGATION FRACTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RURAL SETTLEMENTS AND INFLUENCING FACTORS:A CASE STUDY OF ZHENJIANG IN JIANGSU

为分析乡村聚落景观空间结构的分形特征,以GIS为平台、土地调查数据为主要数据源,通过集聚维数,分别在县域、镇域和村域三个尺度上,分析了聚落体系空间集聚性的分形特征及其影响因素。结果表明:乡村聚落景观在空间结构上具有比较明显的分形特征;空间集聚性存在不同尺度分形特征的差异,同时丹阳市的镇和中心村的集聚性则明显小于句容市;不同尺度聚落集聚性出现明显的尺度特征,即中心村>镇>县城;地形是影响乡村聚落景观空间集聚性分形特征,表现为腹地内坡度越大,集聚性越强;交通网络的完善降低了乡村聚落对空间直线距离的依赖性。

Fractal study is one of the most important branches in modem theoretic geography. This paper com- menced with the application of the fractal theory and tried to compare the characteristics of the settlements system at the scale of which contains county, town and village, by using ArcGIS9.3 software and taking na- tional results of the second national land survey data as the main data source. The study area was located in Danyang and Jurong of Zhenjiang. Based on the fractal theory, the paper studied the scale difference of spa- tial structure of settlements system, then the paper analyzed the influencing factor of spatial aggregation frac- tal character of the rural settlements at the scale of town and village. According to the results of calculation and analysis, the paper drew the conclusions below： （1） settlements system in Danyang and Jurong are frac- tal in spatial structure of settlements system, acting as a self-similar structure; （2） The spatial aggregation of rural settlements system in Danyang and Jurong both act as fractal character at different scale; （3） as a result of spatial overlay between terrain and fractal dimension, statistical results shows that terrain is a important factor which influence the spatial aggregation; （4） At the scale of the town hinterland, we found that improve- ment of transportation network makes the rural settlements more independent on spatial distances. Therefore, in the future work, fractal theory would be a useful tool for the planning of settlements system, finally mak- ing effective use of geospatial resources and optimizing the spatial structure of the settlement system in a spe- cific area.