旅游规划的文化生态理论研究

RESEARCH ON CULTURAL ECOLOGY THEORY IN TOURISM PLANNING

为了克服物质性旅游规划的弊端,规划中越来越多的考虑了"历史传统、伦理道德、价值观、社会公正"等文化因素,这些零散的"旅游与文化"融合研究还没有形成系统的旅游规划理论。本文根据新文化地理学的文化生态思想和工具理性与价值理性相统一的原理,以人类精神文化需要和旅游规划实践为现实需求,结合旅游规划的主要内容,应用系统分析的方法,将文化生态系统与旅游规划系统进行耦合,实现旅游规划中"工具要素之形"与"文化生态要素之神"的统一,构建旅游规划的文化生态理论。

Tourism Planning has been featured as a kind of physical planning which focuses too much on planning techniques since it emerges from rational urban Planning. There are many problems can be wit- nessed in physical tourism planning practices： treating tourism planning as urban planning, emptiness in tour- ism theme and tourism image, oversimplification of tourism market targeting, duplicated tourism production designing. In order to overcome these problems of rational physical tourism planning, more and more tour- ism planners and researchers try to introduce cultural concepts and factors including history, tradition, ethics, morals, and values into the present tourism planning to integrate tourism planning technical elements and cul- tural ecology idea. Based on the Theory of Cultural Ecosystem by new cultural geographers, the authors of this paper proposed that the Cultural Ecology Theory be used as a theoretical framework for tourism plan- ning. Furthermore, the integration between primary tourism planning content and cultural ecosystem was de- scribed in this paper. Cultural source region, cultural function, cultural landscape and cultural space, to name a few, are all necessarily constituent parts in tourism cultural ecology system, and they should be introduced into tourism planning system as a resolution for tourism resource evaluation, tourism market analysis, spatial distribution and tourism product design. The paper explored a brand new tourism planning systematic struc- ture which has been reorganized to express the tourism planning theory based on cultural ecology theory pre- cisely. This culture- ecological tourism planning theory can adapt China＇ s tourism planning projects to the objective laws that tourism development is to satisfy human＇ s spiritual and cultural needs because to meet human＇ s spiritual and cultural needs should be the starting point and final object of tourism planning.