政府竞争、要素流动与产业转移——基于省际面板数据的实证研究

Governmental Competition, Factor Mobility and Industrial Transfer: An Empirical Study Based on Provincial Panel Data

利用1998-2012年省际面板数据分析了地方政府竞争对各地区要素和产业转移规模的影响。研究发现,自1998年以来发生在我国地区间的产业转移不仅呈现一定的地理特征,还受到地方政府竞争的影响,企业在进行区位再选择时追求地方政府给予政策支持的动机十分强烈。在不考虑其他影响因素条件下,地方税收负担上升1%,地区产业转移的规模将降低0.014%;地方政府公共品供给水平提高一个单位,将引致地区产业转移规模提高0.01%;制度环境优化程度每提高1%,地区产业转移规模将提高0.034%。比较可以发现,制度环境的优化在影响地区产业转移规模的诸多政府竞争变量中更为重要,各地方政府在积极吸引外围地区高端产业进入的过程中需要更为注重本地区的制度等软件环境建设。

By making use of the provincial panel data 1998-2012, this paper conducts an analysis of the impact of local government competition on the different regional factors and the scale of in- dustry transfer. The study reveals that the inter-regional industrial transfer occurred since 1998 in Chi- na not only has certain geographical features, but also is significantly affected by the local govern- ment competition; the enterprises have very strong motivation in pursuit of the local governments＇ policy support when they are reselecting locations. Under the conditions of not considering other in- fluencing factors, when local tax burden rises by 1%, the scale of the regional industrial transfer will decrease by 0.014%; when the public goods supply of the local government rises by a unit, the scale of regional industry transfer will be led to increase by 0.01%; when the institutional environment op- timization degree improves by 1%, the scale of regional industrial transfer will increase by 0.034%. The comparison can reveal that optimization of the institutional environment is of great significance a- mong the many variables of government competition affecting the scale of local industry transfer. Dur- ing the process of attracting actively high-end industries from surrounding areas, the local governments have to pay more attention to the local systems and other software environment constructions.