从一元到多元:建国以来我国村级治理模式的变迁研究

From Monism to Pluralism:Changes of the Village Level Governance Model since the Founding of New China

建国以来,我国村级治理模式经历了从一元到多元的变迁,这与国家的现代化建设密不可分,并服从于现代国家建设需要。人民公社体制将分散的农民通过政治运动组织进了一个个超越家庭的生产队和人民公社中,形成以党组织为核心的一元治理模式;随着农村改革的推进,村民自治组织在党和政府领导下自主地管理基层社会事务,形成乡政与村治二元主体并存的局面;20世纪90年代在农村出现的治理性危机,中央政府试图通过农村税费改革来倒逼基层政府对自身进行改革,多元化治理主体的村治模式成为历史的必然。

Since the founding of new China, the model of village level governance has changed from monism to pluralism along with the country modernization inextricably. In the political movement, scattered villagers were integrated beyond family through the people＇s commune system in which the party organizations had been at the core position. As the ru- ral economic information, the villager autonomous organizations began to manage public affairs of the rural community under the leadership of party and government. Then township government and villagers autonomous organizations have formed the dual governance structure together. In 1990s, the central government tried to push the township gov- ernment to reform the basic level management through the reformation of rural taxes and fees, and the pluralism of the village level governance model has become a necessary choice. By reviewing the changes of village level governance model, the author tries to study the unique construction goals of our country in different periods and find out the his- torical development trend slowly but clearly.