城镇化视阈下农村宅基地使用权收回之类型化研究——基于案例和规范的分析

The Categories of Mandatory Restoring the Usufruct in Rural Housing Land During the UrbAnization-Based on the Analysis of Cases and Legislation

我国目前的宅基地法律制度呈现出最明显的特点是公有但私用,即宅基地的所有权为集体组织拥有,而宅基地使用权为农民私人享有。宅基地使用权不仅是农民重要的私人财产权,更事关农民适当生活水准权的维系。宅基地使用权收回制度是宅基地管理制度之一,是对宅基地使用权的强制性剥夺或者限制。宅基地使用权的收回可以归纳为公益性收回,处罚性收回和身份性收回三种类型。由于对宅基地使用权收回制度的理论研究和关注比较缺乏,实践中宅基地使用权收回的做法也差别极大。宅基地使用权收回的类型化研究有助于重新审视现行的宅基地使用权收回制度,并提出切实可行的措施,弥补现行制度缺陷。

The most obvious feature of the chinese current legal system of the rural residential land is the public ownership but pri- vate usufruct. The usufruct in rural housing land is not only the important private property rights of farmers, but also a matter of the right to an adequate standard of living for farmers to maintain. The system of mandatory restoring which means the deprivation or restriction of the usufruct in rural housing land is the component of the residential land management system. Mandatory resto- ring the usufruct in rural housing land can be summarized as public levy, punitive restoring and identity restoring. Because it＇ s lack of enough attention to this field, some judicial practices and the government actions need legal specification. The research will help to re - examine the existing system of mandatory restoring in rural housing land, and propose practical measures.