贵州省0～6岁儿童体质类型分布调查及影响因素

Physique types distribution investigation and influence factors analysis of children aged 0～6 in Guizhou Province

目的：探讨贵州省0—6岁儿童体质类型分布及其影响因素，为贵州省0～6岁儿童体质分段分类的研究及其儿童个性化预防保健措施制定提供依据。方法：2012年5月～2013年5月运用横断面调查的方法，对在贵州省6家医院进行健康体检的0～6岁儿童进行问卷调查，测量各年龄段儿童身高、体重及采用7种体质分类表对研究对象进行调查分析，并对影响0—6岁儿童体质类型分布的相关因素进行Logistic多元回归分析。结果：3697名0～6岁儿童体质类型分布，其中生机旺盛质1978名，占53．50％，脾虚质257名，占6．95％，积滞质432名，占11．68％，热滞质356名，占9．63％，湿滞质311名，占8．41％，心火偏旺质332名，占8．98％，异禀质31名，占0．84％；而且不同性别、不同年龄、不同民族0—6岁儿童的体质分布特点不同，男性儿童体质类型生机旺盛质、脾虚质、热滞质及湿滞质与女性儿童比较，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；女性儿童体质类型积滞质和心火偏旺质与男性儿童比较，差异也有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明，年龄、性别、饮食习惯、喂养方式、居住环境、民族、低出生体重和早产儿是影响体质类型分布的主要因素。结论：贵州省0～6岁儿童体质类型分布存在民族差异。影响体质分布的主要相关因素为年龄、性别、饮食习惯、居住环境、民族、低出生体重和早产儿。

Objective： To explore the physique types distribution and influence factors of children aged 0 - 6 in Guizhou Province, to provide evidence for the stage and classification study of physique of children aged 0 - 6 in Guizhou Province and preparation of children personalized preventive and healthy measures. Methods： Used the method of cross - sectional investigation from May 2012 to May 2013, and made the healthy children aged 0 - 6 of ongoing physical examination in 6 hospitals in Guizhou Province as the objects of study, respec- tively carried out questionnaire survey to measure all ages height, weight and used 7 kinds of physique classification forms to investigate and analyze, and carried out logistic multivariate regression analysis to related factors of impacting physique types distribution of children aged 0 - 6. Results ： The physique types distribution of 3 697 children aged 0 - 6 as follows ： 1 978 persons belong to vigorous vitality physique, accounting for 53.50% , 257 persons belong to spleen weakness physique, accounting for 6. 95% , 432 persons belong to indigestion phy- sique, accounting for 11.68% , 356 persons belong to thermal hysteresis physique, accounting for 9.63%, 311 persons belong to wet hys- teresis physique, accounting for 8.41% , 332 persons belong to excess internal heat physique, accounting for 8.98% and 31 persons be- long to intrinsic differences physique, accounting for 0. 84%. Besides, the physique distribution characteristics of children aged 0 - 6 in different sex, age and nationality were different, compared the physique types of vigorous vitality physique, spleen weakness physique, thermal hysteresis physique and wet hysteresis physique of male children with what of female children, the differences were statistically sig- nificant （P 〈 0. 01 ） ; compared the physique types of indigestion physique and excess internal heat physique of female children with what of male children, the differences were also statistically significant （ P 〈 0. 01 ） . Logistic multivariate regression analysis results showed that ： the main factors of impacting physique type distribution were ： age, sex, eating habits, feeding patterns, living environment, nationality, low birth weight and premature baby. Conclusion： The physique types distribution of children aged 0 - 6 in Guizhou Province has nationality differences. The main factors of impacting physique distribution are： age, sex, eating habits, living environment, nationality, low birth weight and premature baby.