92例住院患者健康素养情况调查

Survey of health literacy among 92 hospitalized patients

目的了解住院患者的健康素养现状及其在低健康素养情况下通常所做的弥补性行为,为实施适当的健康教育和健康促进策略提供依据。方法在患者住院评估表中增加可以用来识别住院患者是否处于低健康素养状态的三个问题:①"你经常需要别人帮你看医院的各种材料吗?";②"你自己在填写医疗表格时的信心如何?";③"你在学习有关自己疾病的相关知识时,是否经常会遇到理解不了的问题?";以及用来了解患者在低健康素养情况下,通常会做出哪些弥补性行为的问题"你在学习中遇到理解不了的问题时会怎么办?";对92例患者进行问卷调查。应用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计分析。结果①分别有39.1%、44.6%和38.0%的患者在看医学材料、填写医疗表格和学习疾病的相关知识时处于低健康素养状态。其中,老年患者的健康素养水平低于青壮年患者(P<0.01);文化程度越低的患者,健康素养水平越低(P<0.01);不同性别患者之间的健康素养水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。②对"你在学习中遇到理解不了的问题时会怎么办?"问题,患者的回答依次为:问家里人(34.8%);问护士(20.7%);问大夫(14.1%);相信大夫,让签字就签字(9.8%);不懂就不懂,随它去(7.6%);试着自己把问题弄明白(6.5%);通常不会遇到理解不了的问题(5.4%)。结论相当数量的住院患者健康素养水平偏低,尤以老年人和文化程度低的患者为显著。而患者在低健康素养情况下的弥补性行为,可能并不利于患者正确理解和掌握健康信息,对疾病的预后产生积极影响,需引起注意。护士应根据具体情况,采取有效措施,提高患者的健康素养。

Objective To understand the status of health literacy in hospitalized patients and their remedial actions in low health literacy, in order to provide evidence for establishing appropriate strategy for health education and health promotion. Methods Three questions for identification of hospitalized patients′ health literacy were added in hospital evaluation table, which included： ① ＂How often did you have someone′ help for reading hospital materials？＂; ②＂How confident were you in filling out medical forms by yourself？＂; ③＂How often did you have problems learning about your medical condition because of difficulty understanding written information？＂ and patients′ remedial actions in low health literacy was investigated by the question of ＂What did you do when you have trouble understanding in the process of learning？＂. The survey was conducted among the 92 inpatients. SPSS 17.0 software was used for statistic analysis. Results ①39.1% of patients reported in low health literacy when reading hospital materials, 44.6% of patients were in low health literacy when filling out medical forms by themselves, and 38.0% reported in low health literacy when learning disease related knowledge. The health literacy level had no different between different gender（P 0.05）, which in the older patients was lower than the younger（P 0.01）. The health literacy lower with the education degree（P 0.01）.②For the question of ＂What did you do when you have trouble understanding in the process of learning？＂, the rank of the answers were asking family members（34.8%）, following by nurses（20.7%） or doctors（14.1%）, trusting doctors and signing the form（9.8%）, doing nothing（7.6%）, trying to understanding the material themselves（6.5%）, not usually having any difficulty for understanding health information（5.4%）. Conclusion Patients with low health literacy are not uncommon. The older and the patients with lower education degrees are significant. Some patients′ compensatory behaviors in low health literacy may result in adverse outcomes, which needs to pay attention. Nurses must give them adequate health education to enhance their health literacy level.