语言学研究的生物学范式转向——乔姆斯基近期语言学思想述评

Paradigm Transfer of Linguistics to Biolinguistics: Review of Chomskian Linguistic Development

20世纪70年代,转换生成语言学认为人类语言具有生物学属性,这一科学信念为许多遗传学家和模块生物学家所赞同和接受。在回顾乔姆斯基语言学发展历程的基础上,本文提出生物范式转向是乔姆斯基语言学研究的必然发展。乔姆斯基把进化—发育生物学相关理论和原理引入语言学研究,完成了语言学研究的生物学范式转向。本文认为生物语言学转向得益于生物学、神经心理学等领域的新发现及相关科学的发展。生物语言学研究还处于初探阶段,因此在遗传基因与语言环境对语言及语言习得的影响和决定作用等方面依然存在争议。

In the 1970s, Transformational Generative Linguistics suggested that linguistics shared some of the attributes of biology, which was accepted by many bio-linguists. By reviewing the development of Chomskian linguistics, the author promotes that hiolinguisties is the destination of Chomskian linguistics; which finished the transfer by Chomsky＇ s introducing Evo-Devo theory into linguistics. The article concludes that the development of biolinguistics is the result of co-research of biology and neuro-psychology. Biolinguistics is on the stage of infant period, so it is difficult to explain the role of the gene and environment on language and language acquisition.