不同生态恢复措施对宁夏黄土丘陵区典型草原蒸散特征的影响

Impacts of different ecological restoration measurements on the evapotranspiration characteristics of the typical steppe in the loess hilly area of Ningixa

为了探讨黄土丘陵区不同生态恢复措施对典型草原蒸散特征的影响，通过野外测定，研究了水平沟、鱼鳞坑和封育3种恢复措施下草原的蒸散特征，发现棵间蒸发量在各措施下差异不显著。当地5种主要牧草---长芒草（Stipa bungeana）、糙隐子草（Cleistogenes squarrosa）、冷蒿（Artemisia frigida）、达乌里胡枝子（Lespedeza davurica）和铁杆蒿（Artemisia sacrorum）的平均蒸腾速率在水平沟措施下最大，封育草地次之，鱼鳞坑最低。棵间蒸发量与地上20 cm处气温和0~40 cm土壤含水率明显正相关，蒸腾速率与土壤0~15 cm温度和0~40 cm含水率呈明显正相关。

The research aimed to study the influence on evapotranspiration characteristics of typical Steppe under different ecological restoration measures in hilly area of the Loess Plateau. Evapotranspiration characteristics of typical Steppe under three ecological restoration measures named parallel ditches, fish-scale and ungrazed grasslands were determined in field. The results showed that soil evaporation between plants had no significance of difference among measures. Average transpiration rate of five main pasturages, including Stipa bungeana, Cleistogenes squarrosa, Artemisia frigida, Lespedeza davurica and Artemisia sacrorum, was the highest in parallel ditches, was second in ungrazed grasslands, and was the lowest in fish-scale pits. Soil evaporation between plants, air temperature in aboveground 20 cm and soil water content in the depth of 0-40 cm presented clear positive correlation. Transpiration rate, soil temperature in the depth of 0-15 cm and soil water content in the depth of 0-40 cm presented clear positive correlation.