转折复句的定景机制及其研究意义

Grounding Mechanisms of Adversative Multiclause Sentences and the Significance of the Study

转折复句的定景机制包括句法机制和语篇机制,二者有机结合、互为补充,共同支配了转折复句的定景过程:把转折前句降级成背景,同时将转折后句提升为前景。在这一运作过程中,句法机制表现为采用非完整体等低范畴句法形式和某些特殊构式对转折前句进行信息包装,减弱事件性,促使其背景化,同时优先选择高及物性句式充当转折后句传达前景信息。语篇机制以转折关系标记和语序为主要手段,其中转折关系标记具有定景标记的性质,语序则为"背景—前景"的信息推进模式提供了基本保障。与因果、条件等其他关系类型的复句相比,转折复句的定景研究具有重要的类型学意义;而与其他层级的语法单位相比,复句层面上的前背景研究在定景机制这一课题的研究体系中也具有全局性意义。

The grounding mechanisms of the adversative multiclause sentences include the syntactic mechanism and the discourse mechanism which together manipulate the grounding process of adversative multiclause sentences： to make the front clause become the background and the back clause become the foreground. The syntactic mechanism makes the front clause package the information and become the background with the imperfective verbs and the special constructions. Moreover, the high transitive sentences often become the back clauses and the foregrounds. The discourse mechanism includes the adversative markers and the word order. The adversative marker is the grounding marker. The word order means the background-to-foreground progression. The study of the grounding mechanisms is of the im- portant meanings in the linguistic typology.