汉语不礼貌话语的语用研究

A Pragmatic Study on Impolite Discourses in Chinese

文章采用定性与定量相结合的复合型研究方法,考察汉语不礼貌话语的基本实现形式以及认知评价倾向。结果发现:从宏观上讲,汉语不礼貌话语的不礼貌实现形式主要是正向不礼貌,其次是负向不礼貌以及间接不礼貌。从微观上讲,并不是每一个不礼貌话语的实现形式均有同样的使用几率,但总体上表现出一定的格局以及语用化特征。此外,对调查对象认知评价结果的分析对于学界讨论专家型(不)礼貌和普通型(不)礼貌具有一定的参考意义。

Using a complex research methodology of qualitative and quantitative strength, the paper is aimed to investigate how the impoliteness in Chinese is realized and cognitively assessed. It is found that impoliteness is mostly realized through positive impolite strategies, followed by negative ones and indirect ones. Meanwhile, not every form of impo- liteness enjoys the same probability of being used, revealing a pragmaticalized pattern. The research findings can also provide references on the diagnosis of the distinction between （im） politeness1 and （im） politeness2.