腐烂茎线虫对马铃薯块茎危害症状及其线虫分布研究

Research on Distribution of Ditylenchus destructor and Damage Symptoms on Potato Tubers

为了解马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)块茎上腐烂茎线虫危害症状及线虫的侵染分布情况,通过室内在马铃薯上接种腐烂茎线虫进行了观察研究。结果显示:接种腐烂茎线虫至马铃薯薯块上表现的症状除了马铃薯块茎表皮容易剥离外,其他症状表型如部分组织软化、变暗变黑、内陷外等与文献报道的基本一致。镜检块茎坏死组织可见线虫发生量不大,原因可能与坏死组织营养严重流失、生存环境恶化不利于线虫生存有关;镜检块茎表皮层组织发现有大量成虫,大龄幼虫和卵聚集在表皮层和皮孔下的薄皮细胞及组织中,这对解释腐烂茎线虫对环境的适生性有一定意义;同时,在降低线虫数量方面,马铃薯病残体块茎以及表皮坏死组织应彻底清除,以有效降低线虫发生量。

To explore the potato tubers rot symptoms and distribution of stem rot nematode in infested potato tuber,the damage and distribution of stem rot nematode in potato were observed.The results showed that stem rot nematode inoculated to potato tubers presenting symptoms,in addition to the skin easy to peel,other symptoms such as partial tissue softening,darker black,outside,etc.retraction was consistent with the literature. Microscopic examination showed that number of nematode were not the amount in tuber necrotic tissue,the reason may be related to a serious loss of necrotic tissue nutrition, survival environmental degradation,was not conducive to survival of nematodes.Microscopic examination showed that a large number of adults,larvae and eggs gathered in cells and thin tissue under the epidermis and stomata,which had some implications for interpretation of nematodes on the environment suitability.Meanwhile,in order to effectively reduce the amount of nematodes occur,sick deformed potato tuber necrotic tissue and skin should be thoroughly cleaned.