汉语“倒仆”义动词的历时更替

A Diachronic Evolution of Verbs Denoting “Fall”

通过对汉语中表"倒仆"义的主要动词的考察,考察了它们由古到今的演变过程。先秦时期表"倒仆"义的词繁复多样,其中"颠"的使用率稍高;战国末期开始活跃的"僵"和"仆",进入两汉成为表"倒仆"义动词的常用词;汉代出现的"倒"至魏晋南北朝时期使用频率激增,替代"僵"和"仆"成为表"倒仆"义的主导词。这样的情况一直保留到了今天。

By surveying verbs indicative of “fall”and their evolution process diachronically,it is con-cluded that verbs denoting “fall”are diverse,with “dian（颠）”having a higher frequency of use in the pre-Qin period.In Han Dynasty,“jiang （僵）”and “pu （仆）”became two common verbs denoting “fall”;while “dao（倒）”a verb coined in Han Dynasty,came to be the main word indicating “fall”in the period of Wei,Jin,and Southern and Northern dynasties and has remained unchanged even up till now.