重塑“教”与“学”——以“自主学习”为导向的建筑设计基础教学实践探索

Reconstruction of teaching and learning: practical exploration of independent study oriented course teaching of basic design

"教"与"学"代表教学过程中的两个方面,以教师为主导的"教"和以学生为主导的"学",两者之间的良性互动是教学目标得以实现的基础。建筑学专业的特点决定了专业学习需要以学生的主动性为前提和基础,因此,笔者提出了以"学"为核心的教学理念,通过借鉴心理学的动机理论和认知理论,在教学内容安排、教学环节设置、教学过程控制和教学成果评价等多方面进行重新调整,探索有利于学生"自主学习"的教学方案,并在建筑设计基础课程的教学中进行实践,取得了良好效果。

＂Teaching＂ and ＂learning＂ discussed in the paper represent two aspects in the teaching process, which are teacher-centered ＂teaching＂ and student-led ＂learning＂. The positive interaction between them is the basis of achieving teaching objectives. The characteristics of architecture determine that ＂learning＂ needs students＇ initiative as the prerequisite and basis. Therefore, we proposed a concept of ＂teaching depending on learning＂ according to psychological theories of motivation and epistemology. As to figure out an adequate and effective teaching scheme of ＂independent learning＂, we adjusted teaching contents, stage settings, process controlling, achievements evaluation and other aspects, and then practiced it in the basic design course of architecture.