杨小舟蛾羽化节律及羽化率影响因子分析

Factors Impacting the Emergence Rhythm and Rate of Micromelalopha sieversi( Lepidoptera: Notodontidae)

通过野外观察和实验室可控条件下的测定,研究了杨小舟蛾蛹的羽化日节律特征和第1 4代羽化进程差异,统计了各代次羽化率和历期,分析了其羽化影响因子。结果表明:杨小舟蛾蛹羽化表现为"驼峰型"节律特征,羽化高峰出现在4:00和17:00;其1 4代蛹在相同羽化条件下羽化进程存在差异,羽化完成总虫数80%所需时间逐渐缩短,相同世代雌雄羽化高峰间隔也逐渐缩短;杨小舟蛾蛹1 4代在相同羽化条件下的平均羽化率间存在显著差异,分别为(31.41±1.16)%、(43.67±1.84)%、(38.20±1.39)%和(27.81±2.42)%;各代羽化历期存在显著差异,分别为(10.71±0.45)、(8.56±0.17)、(6.88±0.68)、(6.43±0.66)d。羽化影响因子分析表明:不同温度和湿度处理间羽化率存在显著差异,较好的组合为光期温度(30±1)℃、暗期温度(24±1)℃,光期湿度(50±10)%、暗期湿度(70±10)%,光周期处理间差异不显著。

Based on field observation and indoor study on the eclosion rhythm characteristics, the difference in eclo- sion process from 1 st to 4th generation, the statistics of eclosion rate and the eclosion period of generations were in- vestigated. The factors impacting eclosion were analyzed by orthogonal experimental design. The results showed that the eclosion of Micromelalopha sieversi （Staudinger） showed the ＂hump＂ rhythm characteristic, one peak at 4：00 and another one at 17：00. There were differences in eclosion process from the first generation to the 4th generation under the same condition. The period in which 80% eclosion finished became shorter in every generation, and so was the interval of peak between the male and female emergence in the same generation. The average emergence rates among first generation to 4th generation were significantly different which were （31.41 ± 1.16） %, （43.67 ± 1.84） %, （38.20 ±1.39） % and （27.81± 2.42） % respectively. The development durations among first genera-tion to 4th generation were also significantly different which were （ 10.71 ± 0.45 ）, （ 8.56 ±0.17 ）, （6.88 ± 0.68 ） and （6.43 ±0.66） d respectively. Statistical results verified that the eelosion rates were significantly differ- ence among different temperature and relative humidity treatments, but not among the different photoperiod treat- ments. The best temperature of photophase was （30 ± 1 ） ℃, and the dark period temperature was （24± 1 ） and the humidity were photophase （50 ± 10）%, dark period （70 ± 10）%.