纵观翻译等值——卡特福德、奈达比较研究

A Comparative Study on Translation Equivalence of J·C·Catford and Eugene A·Nida

在任何语际翻译的实践中,寻找源语文本和译语文本之间的等值成分和实现二者的对等都是翻译理论研究的中心问题之一。但是,何谓"翻译对等"和如何实现这种对等是各种翻译学派争论的焦点。约翰·卡特福德和尤金·奈达同属于西方翻译理论著名的代表人物。他们各自的代表作《语言学翻译理论》和《翻译理论与实践》都借鉴了现代人文社会科学的研究成果,力图从不同视角对翻译进行更加客观、准确、科学的分析和描写,从而对翻译实践产生了实际的指导意义。但是,这两位学者在对翻译等值的认识以及其理论的侧重点不尽相同。笔者将两种翻译理论所涉及的几个概念进行阐释、分析和对比,以便更清晰地把握这两种理论的异同,在提升自身的理论水平的同时,对翻译等值形成一个更加准确综合的认识。

Seeking equivalence between the source language text and the target text always essential issue in translation studies. Thereby, what is ＂translation equivalence＂ and how to achieve this equivalence is the focus of various translation schools. The two famous western translation theory representatives J.C. Catford and Eugene A. Nida have different understandings to and different degreed of emphasis on translation equivalence, in spite their representative works ＂A Linguistic Theory of Translation＂ and ＂Translation Theory and Practice＂ both refer to the research achievement of modern social science, and both from various perspectives try to analyze and describe translation more objective, accurate and scientific, which have practical implications for translation practice. In order to grasp more clearly the similarities and differences between the two scholars＇ translation theory, this paper interpretes, analyzes and compares several concepts involved in the two theories to form into a more accurate and comprehensive understanding of the translation equivalence.