《史记》、《汉书》对董仲舒及其学说的评述

The Review of 《Historical Records》and 《The History of Han Dynasty》 to DONG Zhong- shu and his Theory

董仲舒在《史记》与《汉书》中分别有传。不同的是,《史记》中是合传,司马迁对董仲舒并没有过多的正面评价,而班固则为董仲舒单独立传,并高度钦许。究其原因,除了家学渊源、历史观存在差异外,重要的是时代思潮变迁所致。汉朝对儒学的热衷促使儒学从"百家"到"独尊"地位的转变,影响了包括司马迁、班固在内的社会群体的心理转变,这也导致了他们对董仲舒及其学说的载记与评述存在差异。

In 《Historical Records》 and 《 The History of Han Dynasty》 there is the biography of DONG Zhong - shu respectively. The difference of the two is in the former the biography is a co - biography, where SIMA Qian didn＇ t give much positive evaluation, while BAN Gu gave him a separate biography and highly appraised him. The reason why lies in besides the difference of family learning and historic view, the important one is the change of time trend of thought. The love of the government of Han dynasty to Confucianism, made its position change from ＂hundred families＂ to ＂be singly respected＂; also affected the psychological change of the social groups including SIMA Qian and BAN gu, which also influenced the differences of their reviews about DONG Zhong - shu and the records about his learning.