不同方法提取辛夷挥发油化学成分与热失重分析的比较

Extractions and Thermogravimetry Analysis of Magnoliae Flos Volatile Oil

辛夷是一种传统的中药材,且具有明显的香气特征,可以作为香料使用。本文采用水蒸气蒸馏萃取、同时蒸馏萃取、超临界二氧化碳(CO2)萃取和超声波辅助萃取法对辛夷挥发油进行了提取,采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC/MS)技术对辛夷挥发油成分进行了鉴定和检测,并对挥发油进行了热失重研究。结果显示,4种不同提取方法的挥发性成分共有61种,主要是萜烯类、醇类、醛酮类和酯类等;通过对4种不同提取方法挥发油的热失重分析发现,水蒸气蒸馏萃取、同时蒸馏萃取和超声波辅助萃取法提取的挥发油的热失重曲线类似,均呈现四个失重阶段,但略有差异;超临界CO2萃取法提取的挥发油热失重曲线为三个失重阶段。4种失重曲线的不同说明4种提取方法提取的挥发性成分存在差异。

Flos Magnolia is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine with distinct aroma characteristic, therefore can be used as flavor. Steam distillation extraction （SDE）, simultaneous distillation extraction （STDE）, ultrasonic assisted extraction （UAE） and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction （SPE CO2） method were used to extract magnolia flos volatile oil （MFVO）. Then it was identified and analzed by GC/MS and thermogravimetry （TG）. Sixty-one volatile components were found through the four kinds of extractions; main of them were olefins, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and esters. TG analysis showed that TG curves of SDE, STDE and UAE extracted volatile oils were similar with four weight loss stages, while SPE CO2 extraction of volatile oil appeared three weight loss stages. Different weight loss curves illustrated that the volatile components by different extraction methods were different.