我国乡镇卫生院2012年卫生人员流出现状分析

Analysis of outflow of health workforce at township health centers in China 2012

目的:分析我国乡镇卫生院2012年流出人员的特征,了解乡镇卫生院人员流动趋势,为稳定乡镇卫生院人才队伍提供参考。方法:采用分层抽样方法调查全国5 219家乡镇卫生院,分析2012年样本乡镇卫生院流出人员的数量、结构和渠道。结果:乡镇卫生院人员总体流出率东部地区最低,中部次之,西部地区最高;流出人员主要为大、中专学历,年龄集中于25～34岁;流出去向方面,去往上级机构人员占47.3%,省内流动人员占93.6%。结论:乡镇卫生院流出人员中高素质人才比例相对较高,对于高素质人才,应以稳定为主,辅以引进;流出人员去往上级机构比例较高,需探索更加适宜乡镇卫生院的人员激励政策;人员流出情况存在地区间不平衡,应继续加大对欠发达或偏远地区乡镇卫生院的帮扶力度。

Objective：To understand the outflow trend of the health workforce at township health centers in 2012 and to provide references for making the health workforce stable. Methods：A survey was conducted in 5219 township health centers through stratified sampling. The quantity, structure, and channel of outflow personnel in 2012 were analyzed. Results：The overall rate of outflow took on an increasing tendency in eastern, middle, and west- ern china. The outflow personnel were mainly staff with a junior college or secondary technical school degree, and they were mainly 25 to 34 years old. Meanwhile, flow to superior agencies and at the provincial level is 47.3% and 93.6%, respectively. Conclusion：The proportion of outflow of health workers with highly educated background is higher, and measures are needed to maintain stability and introduce high-quality talent. The proportion of health workers flowing to superior agencies is also higher, which means that more appropriate policies are need. The outflow of health workers is uneven across different regions. Investment in less developed and remote areas should also be increased.