后经典语境下重构叙事学研究的基础工程——论赫尔曼《叙事的基本要件》

Rebuilding the Infrastructure of Narratology in Postclassical Context:An Exploration of David Herman's Bask Elements of Narrative

"什么是叙事?""怎么研究叙事?"是叙事学研究的根本问题,不仅反映了叙事学研究的基本立场、方法取向,甚至决定了叙事学研究的最终目标和结果。在"什么是叙事?"这个问题上,戴维·赫尔曼绕开了经典叙事学家关于叙事的"二分法"(故事与话语)或"三分法"(故事、文本、叙述)的老路,提出了叙事的"四分法"(情境、事件序列、建构世界/分裂世界、感受质);在"怎么研究叙事?"这个问题上,赫尔曼倡导包含认知科学、语言学、语言哲学等在内的跨学科方法,为重构叙事学研究的基础工程做出了颇有意义的探索。

＂What is narrative？＂ and＂how to study narra- five？＂ are the two fundamental questions concerning narra- tology. The answers to these questions not only reflect the background and orientation of the narrative studies but also influence the objectives and outcomes of the research. This paper mainly explores David Herman＇s theory of basic ele- ments of narrative. Instead of talking about the much-dis- puted dichotomy between ＂story＂ and ＂discourse＂ or the distinction among ＂story＂, ＂text＂ and ＂narration＂, Her- man puts forth four basic elements of narrative （ ＂situated- ness＂, ＂event-sequencing＂, ＂worldmaldng＂, and ＂qual- ia＂ ） and interdisciplinary approaches embracing science of cognition,linguistics language philosophy, etc. , to conduct researches on narratology, thus making a tremendous con- tribution to rebuilding the infrastructure of narratology.