北京翠湖国家湿地公园浮游植物群落及水体营养状况分析

Phytoplankton Community Structure and Water Bodies Trophic Status Analysis in Cuihu National Urban Wetland Park,Beijing

北京翠湖湿地是北京市唯一的国家级城市湿地公园,为了给科学管理提供依据,2012年4月至11月对该公园水体中的浮游植物进行了监测。从定性、定量水样中共检出浮游植物8门、73属、154种(包括变种),其中绿藻门占50.6%(78种),硅藻门占24.0%(37种)、蓝藻门占12.3%(19种)。浮游植物平均密度为14 243.62×10～4cell/L,其中绿藻门占41.7%,硅藻门占12.3%,蓝藻门占37.2%。浮游植物群落属于绿藻-蓝藻-硅藻型。优势种群为富营养或严重富营养型水体指示种。翠湖浮游植物密度变化与水温呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与叶绿素A呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与透明度呈负相关。浮游植物密度,透明度与叶绿素a的TSI_M指数(56.28;81.63),均显示翠湖为富营养—重富营养型水体。翠湖浮游植物多样性指数平均值:H′=1.50;均匀度指数平均值:J=0.32,显示水体为中污染。翠湖为北京的城市湿地,在保护生物多样性、调节地区小气候、补充地下水、洪灾防控和社会文化等方面有重要作用,亟待治理水体富营养化,构建健康的水生态系统。

Cuihu National Urban Wetland Park is the only one national urban wetland park in Beijing. In order to provide theoretical basis for scientific management, an investigation on community diversity of plankton was conducted at Cuihu dur- ing April to November in 2012. The results showed 154 species （variant） in 8 phyla were found, of which 50. 6% were Chlorophyta, 24.0% were Bacillriophyta and 12.3% were Cyanophyta. The average density of planktonic algae was 14 243.62 × 104 cells/L, of which Chlorophyta, Bacillriophyta and Cyanophyta accounted for 41.7% , 12. 3 % and 37.2%. The dominant species were eutrophic and serious eutrophic indicator species of water quality. The bivariate correlation analy- sis showed that the average density of planktonic algae was positively correlated with water temperature at a significant level of P 〈 0. 05 and was positively correlated with Chl-A at a highly significant level of P 〈 0. 01, while was negatively cozTelated with transparency. The TSIM index showed that the water was serious eutrophication ; the Shannon-Weaver diversity index was 1.5, and the Pielou index was 0. 32 ,indicating the water was moderately polluted. It is emergency to improve the water envi- ronment in Cuihu National Urban Wetland Park and construct a healthy water ecological system.