制约黑龙江省地方国有林权改革的因素

Reform Restrict Factors of Local State-Owned Forest Right in Heilongjiang Province

黑龙江省林业区,划分为龙江森工集团(黑龙江省森林工业总局)管辖、大兴安岭林业集团公司(大兴安岭林业管理局)管辖和黑龙江省林业厅管辖三部分。黑龙江省林业厅辖属的国有林通常被称为黑龙江省地方国有林。2007年,黑龙江省林业厅开始在部分市县实施国有林权改革试点,取得了显著成效;但如何推广、如何全面实施,使国有林权改革走出瓶颈,成为现实难题。运用结构模型解析法,对国有林权改革制约因素的内部结构、层次及因果关系进行诊断,认为:制约黑龙江省地方国有林权改革最根本、最关键的问题是林业社会化服务体系发育缓慢,其次是现行的林木采伐限额管理制度不合理和流转经营林地内的营林道路和防火等基础设施薄弱。这两个因素,又同时影响和制约着森林资源资产评估体系不健全、林地林木流转体系不完善、林业投融资实行难、流转后经营者资金短缺和森林保险制度缺失这五个因素。其中:林业社会化服务体系发育缓慢和现行的林木采伐限额管理制度不合理两个制约因素,是刚性的,必须亟待在改革过程中解决。

The forestry district in Heilongjiang Province is divided into three parts, including Longjiang Forest Industry Group （Forest Industry Bureau）, Daxing＇ an Mountain Forestry Group Company （Daxing＇ an Mountain Forest Adiminstration Bu- reau） and the Forestry Department of Heilongjiang Province. The subordinate national forest of the Forestry Department of Heilongjiang Province is called local state-owned forest. In 2007, the Forestry Department of Heilongjiang Province set up some selected units to carry up national forest ownership reform and made advances. However, there are still some prob- lems on the reform on popularization and implement. We used structure model to analyze the structure, hierarchical levels and causal relationship of the restrict factors of state-owned forest reform. The factors that hinder Heilongjiang state-owned forestry reform are underdeveloped forestry social service, forest felling quota system, and poor road and fireproof infra- structures in the circulated forest ~and. These combined factors hinder forest resource evaluation, circulation of forest land and forest timber, forest financing and forest insurance. It is necessary to solve the underdeveloped forestry social service and imperfect forest felling quota system.