转型经济环境下民营企业结构复杂性的产生:战略驱动与环境调节的作用

An Analysis on the Origin of Organizational Structural Complex of Chinese Private Enterprises——the Role in Strategic Driving and Environmental Moderating

本研究基于184家民营企业的有效样本数据,验证了影响民营企业结构复杂性形成的因素。研究发现,民营企业的竞争战略对其结构复杂性有重要影响。其中,成本领先战略对结构复杂性(部门沟通、结构单元)有正向影响,差异化战略与结构复杂性(员工参与、部门沟通、规章制度)有正向影响。此外,民营企业所处的环境不确定性对上述关系存在调节作用。其中,环境复杂性对成本领先战略与结构单元间的关系有负向调节作用,环境复杂性对差异化战略与结构复杂性(部门沟通、规章制度)间的关系有负向调节作用,环境动态性对成本领先战略与结构复杂性(员工参与、规章制度)间的关系有负向调节作用,环境动态性对差异化战略与结构复杂性(员工参与、规章制度)间的关系有负向调节作用。该研究结论对民营企业发掘自身组织结构复杂化的原因并有的放矢地利用或避免不同的组织结构复杂性有指导意义。

Private enterprises show increasingly organizational structural complexity in the past 20 years of re- form, most of which are bound to go through the process in china. So, how to deal with the increasing structural com- plexity of private enterprises is a urgent and important task in china. However, some management practices show that increasing structural complexity are two sides. Some structural complexity can bring to innovation performance, while others may cause more costs. Therefore, finding the distinction between the different structural complexity of Chinese private enterprises to use or prevent is that they have to consider. Based on this, the study will analyze the causes of organizational structural complexity of private enterprises in china. Firstly, according to ＂strategy decides structure, structure follows strategy＂ ,we proposes two hypotheses：one is that competitive strategy（ cost leadership strategy, dif- ferentiation strategy） has a positive impact on structural complexity （employee participation, departments, units, rules and regulations） ; the other is that environmental uncertainty has a negative moderating effect on the relation- ship between competitive strategy and structural complexity. Thus, two assumptions （ including twelve sub-hypothe- sis） formed this study model. Secondly, based on samples from 184 Chinese private companies, the paper tests the assumptions. Data collected from the survey concluded the following results. Cost leadership strategy has a positive impact on structural complexity （departments, units）, differentiation strategy has a positive impact on structural com- plexity（ employee participation, departments, rules and regulations ）. In addition, environmental complexity has a negative moderating effect on the relationship between cost leadership strategy and structure units, environmental environmental dynamism has a negative moderating effect on the relationship between differentiation strategy and structural complexity（ employee participation, rules and regulations）. The Conclusion answers theoretically the cau- ses of different structural complexity of China＇s private enterprises in the current context of economic transforma- tion. Organizational structure complexity （ employee involvement, communication between departments, regulatory, structural units） are subject to different competitive strategies（ cost leadership strategy, differentiation strategy） im- pact in private enterprises, and their unique complexity and dynamic environment will make these relations wea- ker. This conclusion confirms Chandler＇s ＂ structure follow strategy＂, it also echoes organizational contingency theory. Therefore, the Chinese private enterprises must take into account complex environment and choose the right competitive strategy to attain business growth and structural innovation in order to face structural complexity. Moreover, the conclusion has highly implications on Chinese private enterprises to apply ＂structure fol- low strategy＂ theory and deal with structural complexity on the current context of economic transition. Specifically, first ,the private enterprises using low-cost strategy should avoided to choose ＂sweatshops＂ form in order to achieve more reasonable organizational structural complexity, but they should make efforts to reduce the transmission cost of information to achieve low-cost competitive advantage. Second, the private enterprises implementing differentiation strategy should currently not only make efforts to improve the technological innovation capability, but also enhancing their marketing innovation capacity is an important direction to increase differentiation from competitors. In addi- tion, the government should try to balance ＂tilt Arena＂ environment which private enterprises had been in, and cre- ate a competitive environment which will help private enterprises take full advantage of structural complexity based on the ＂structured to follow the strategy＂ theory.