中国早期佛寺塔殿关系初探

Discuss on the Relationship Between Pagoda and Buddha Hall in Early Chinese Temple

基于佛塔与佛寺历史文献资料、考古发掘资料以及实物,结合笔者对"中国古塔"研究及古塔保护实践经验,提出在丝绸之路的中西方文化交流背景下,我国早期佛寺"塔为中心"制度受印度犍陀罗佛寺影响,在国内沿官方与大众两条路线发展,官方佛寺承袭印度规制而大众佛寺则模仿官方佛寺由本土居住建筑改造而来。随着佛殿地位提高,"前塔后殿"式布局成主流。在唐代佛教教义中国化成熟的基础上,佛寺布局两条发展路线合二为一,并向以佛殿为中心定制式发展。

Based on the historical documents of ancient pagoda and temple, archaeological data, and the real case, combining the practice experience of ＂Chinese ancient pagoda＂ research and ancient pagoda protection, we put forward that under the background of Chinese and western cultural exchange in the silk road ,＂pagoda as the centerpiece in temple＂was influenced by India Oandhara Buddhist temple, which developed along two routs, one was the official, the other was unofficial. The official imitated india temple while the unofficial imitated the official by local residential building renovation. With the advancement of Buddha hall,＂pagoda in front of the buddha hail＇became the mainstream. On the basis of the sinicizafion of Buddhism is mature in the Tang Dynasty, the two routs came together as one, and the hall for the main in temple layout.