论近代北京公立医疗机构的演变

The Transformation of Beijing's Public Medical Service from 1906 to 1937

清末新政时期,北京先后创设内、外城官医院,直属内外城巡警总厅管辖,为市民尤其是贫民提供免费医疗,兼具慈善和公共医疗性质。进入民国后,内、外城官医院隶属于京师警察厅,承担医治市民的责任,但因财政破产、管理混乱等原因,官医院名声败坏,一片破败景象。1928年后,北平特别市政府卫生局成立,内外城官医院得到整顿,但仍难发挥公共医疗的职能。1934年北平市卫生处将官医院改为市立医院,并以其为核心建立起一套公共医疗机构,为市民提供低廉的医疗服务。

During the Xinzheng period of the Late Qing Dynasty, the Inner and Outer Official Hospital had been set up in Beijing and administrated by the Police Department. As a public hospital, it aimed to provide free medicine to the citizens especially the poor. In the Republic of China, these two Official Hospital still had been managed by the Police Department and offered treatment to citizens. However, they were bankrupt in fact because of the financial and administrative crisis. After 1928, along with the foundation of the Health Bureau of Peking Government, these official hospitals had been reorganized, but hardly to play the role in the public service. In 1934, the Health Bureau reformed the Official Hospital to the Municipal Hospital which became the core of a new public medical system. Since then, the government began to provide low-price medical service to the citizens partly.